Final Exam Cardio Physiology 205
1.
Actional potentials in cardiac muscle
2.
Why the long action potential and the plateau?
3.
Velocity of conduction in cardiac muscle
4.
Refractory period of cardiac muscle
5.
Systole and diastole
6.
Relationship of the
ECG to the cardiac cycle
7.
Function of the Ventricles as pump
8.
Function of the Valves
9.
Emptying of the ventricles during systole
10.
Relationship of the Heart sounds to heart pumping
11.
Mechanical events of the cardiac cycle: preload, afterload,contractility, heart rate
12.
The aortic pressure curve
13.
The Frank-Starling Mechanism
14.
Graphical Analysis of ventricular Pumping
15.
Control of the heart by the sympathetic and
parasympathetic Nerves
16.
Effect of the Heart rate on function of the heart as
a pump
17.
Effect of potassium and Calcium Ions on heart
function
18.
Sinus Node
19.
Rhythmicity of the sinus fibers
20.
Mechanism of sinus nodal rhythmicity
21.
Self-excitation of Sinus Nodal Fibers
22.
A-V node
23.
Delay in impulse conduction from the atria to the
ventricles
24.
Control of conduction and excitation in the heart
25.
Characteristics of the normal ECG
26.
Voltage and time calibration of the ECG
27.
ECG leads
28.
Vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
29.
The mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS
30.
Abnormal sinus rtythms
31.
Abnormal rhythms that result from impulse conduction
block
32.
Premature contractions
33.
Basic theory of circulatory function
34.
Interrelationship between flow, pressure, resistance
35.
Blood flow, blood pressure, resistance to blood flow
36.
Blood hematocrit and viscosity
37.
Effect of the pressure on vascular resistance and
Tissue Blood flow
38.
Vascular
Distensibility
39.
Vascular Capacitance
40.
Veins and their functions
41.
Structure of the microcirculation and capillary
system
42.
Exchange of substances between the blood and
interstitial fluid
43.
Role of lymphatic system in controlling interstitial
fluid protein concentration, interstitial fluid volume ,interstitial fluid
pressure
44.
Variations in blood flow in different tissues and
organs
45.
Blood flow
control by the local tissues
46.
Acute control of local blood flow
47.
Long term blood flow regulation
48.
Vasoconstrictor agents, vasodilator agents
49.
Effects of
ions and other chemical factors on vascular control
50.
Sympathetic vasoconstrictor system .
51.
Sympathetic vasodilator system
52.
Rapid control of arterial pressure by the nervous
system
53.
Reflex mechanisms for maintaining normal arterial
pressure
54.
Control of arterial pressure by the chemoreceptors
55.
Role of the kidneys in long term regulation of AP
56.
Normal values for cardiac output.
57.
Control of CO.
58.
Factors that causes a hypoeffective and
hypereffective heart
59.
Physiologic anatomy of the coronary blood supply
60.
Normal coronary blood flow and control of CBF
61.
Definition of cardiac failure
62.
Left heart failure(
causes, pathophysiology), backward and forward effect
63.
Right heart failure( causes,
pathophysiology),backward and forward effect
64.
Sympathetic response to heart failure
65.
Cardiogenic Shock ( causes, pathopysiology)
66.
Classification of
circulatory shock.